This study revolves around the NATO-led Operation Unified Protector in Libya 2011. The military campaign was executed under a UN mandate to protect the Libyan civilian population. Despite the mandate civilians died because of NATO bombings. The purpose of this study is to identify inadequate measures in avoiding civilian casualties during the operation and to continue to work towards minimizing civilian casualties caused by military organizations in international interventions.Early in the operation, NATO?s objective altered from protecting the civilians to over­throwing the Libyan regime. At the same time NATO changed its military targeting.

There are several competing views on how to best utilize air power. Following his quantitative study of air power, Robert Pape developed a theory which focuses on undermining the target state's military strategy. According to Pape it is possible to explain the outcome as a result of military vulnerability. This essay seeks to determine if Pape's theory can predict the outcome of Operation Unified Protector. By using a mixed methods approach on four hypotheses, it will be determined if the operation was a successful case of coercion, if NATO acted according to Pape's model and whether this achieved the desired effects or not. The results reveal that the theory could not successfully predict the outcome of the conflict.

There are several competing views on how to best utilize air power. Following his quantitative study of air power, Robert Pape developed a theory which focuses on undermining the target state's military strategy. According to Pape it is possible to explain the outcome as a result of military vulnerability. This essay seeks to determine if Pape's theory can predict the outcome of Operation Unified Protector. By using a mixed methods approach on four hypotheses, it will be determined if the operation was a successful case of coercion, if NATO acted according to Pape's model and whether this achieved the desired effects or not. The results reveal that the theory could not successfully predict the outcome of the conflict.

SammanfattningSyftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad i muskelaktivitet ivadmuskulaturen när olika eller inget vadskydd användes vid vadpress. Jämförelsegjordes mellan vadskydd (A), stickat av ett modifierat polyolefingarn och ett tillstickningen identiskt och utseende näst intill identiskt vadskydd (B) av polyamid,samt utan vadskydd.Testgruppen bestod av 13 män från militärhögskolan i Halmstad. Testpersonernagenomförde vadpress i smithmaskin* på en belastning av 50% av 1RM*.Muskelaktiviteten mättes med hjälp av sEMG* och tre mätningar per persongenomfördes. Det första utan vadskydd, andra med vadskydd A och det tredje medvadskydd B. Resultaten visade ingen signifikant skillnad i muskelaktivitet mellan användandet avvadskydd A och vadskydd B eller mellan vadskydd A och utan vadskydd.Mätmetoden sEMG är känslig och kan ha gett missvisande resultat. Fler studierbehöver göras dels angående skillnad i muskelaktivitet och dels för att testavadskyddens eventuella andra egenskaper, positiva eller negativa.

Transdiagnostisk KBT-behandling har under senare år blivit ett allt vanligare forskningsområde. Företrädare för transdiagnostiska behandlingar har argumenterat för att gemensam psykopatologisk grund och gemensamma verksamma behandlingsmekanismer vid emotionella tillstånd gör att patienter med olika diagnoser och med komorbida tillstånd kan ha hjälp av samma behandling och att transdiagnostiska behandlingar kan öka tillgången till evidensbaserad behandling. Unified Protocol är en transdiagnostisk behandling vid emotionella tillstånd. Syftet med denna studie var undersöka effekten av Unified Protocol som gruppbehandling i reguljär psykiatrisk vård. Behandling genomfördes med sammanlagt 23 deltagare.

När ett IT-företag ska utveckla ett system behöver de en systemutvecklingsmetod. Denna metod används för att de personer som arbetar i ett projekt ska ha en mall för hur de ska utföra sitt arbete. Vad som enligt litteratur verkar vara ett problem idag är att företagen har en metod men använder den inte på ett bra sätt eller inte alls. Detta leder till ostrukturerade projekt utan sammanhang. Om någon slutar i projektet är det svårt för någon ny att sätta sig in i det arbete som gjorts.

Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att utreda OPC-standarderna OPC Data Access och motsvarande del i OPC Unified Architecture, samt att implementera OPC-kommunikation i ett system.Behovet av en kommunikationsstandard föddes ur det interoperabilitetsproblem som fanns inom framförallt industriella produktionssystem. Med ett OPC-gränssnitt implementerat mellan en datakälla och applikation kan datautbytet ske på ett standardiserat sätt.OPC Foundation, som är en organisation som tillhandahåller olika OPC-standarder, har idag utvecklat två OPC-standarder, Classic OPC och OPC Unified Architecture. Classic OPC består av ett antal specifikationer som är baserade på COM- och DCOM-gränssnitten, vilket gör att dessa specifikationer är bundna till Windowsplattformen.  OPC Unified Architecture erbjuder ett säkrare och mer mångsidigt kommunikationsgränssnitt än vad Classic OPC-standarden ger, tack vare dess kommunikationsstack.Den praktiska biten i projektet bestod av att implementera OPC-kommunikation i ett system. Två delmoment som ingick i implementeringen var att skapa en testmiljö samt att utveckla en applikation ovanpå klassbibliotek som behandlade kommunikation mot OPC DA- respektive OPC UA-servrar.OPC Unified Architecture-standarden definierar endast formatet på meddelandet innan det kommer fram till kommunikationsstacken.

After W.W. II the Social democratic government wanted to modernize and rationalize the Swedish society. The university system was reformed[INS: :INS] to support growth of industry and science. But the reform did not reach Swedish academic library system and it was not well organized. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the reaction of the Swedish academic libraries to the new era in the framework of ideological criticism.

The computer consultant company Create in Lund AB wishes to facilitate their invoice routines, as it at present is required that the administration finds and compares information from two different systems.The purpose of this thesis is to develop an invoice management system that simplifies the invoice management process for the administration at Create. During the development of the system, I have chosen to follow the software development process Unified Process and also tried to find design patterns that can be applied to the integration.The result of my project is a self-contained application developed using the Java programming language that communicates with the databases of the other two systems and presents relevant information to the user as a set of invoices. Of the 23 design patterns I studied, I used four of them in the invoice management system. However I couldn?t find any connection between any design pattern and the integration of systems.

Rational Unified Process (RUP) är en systemutvecklingsmetod som tillhandahåller ett modifierbart tillvägagångssätt för hur man skall fördela uppgifter och ansvar inom ett systemutvecklingsprojekt. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka om RUP verkligen bidrar till framgångsrik systemutveckling, och i så fall även till att identifiera de vitalaste faktorer som lett till denna framgång. Fokus har legat på processkvalitet och genom en enkätundersökning, samt kvalitativa intervjuer med användare, har vi kunnat fastställa att metoden faktiskt bidrar till framgångsrik systemutveckling. De mest väsentliga bakomliggande framgångsfaktorerna som undersökningen har identifierat, är RUPs riktlinjer för produktion av dokumentation, konfigureringsmöjligheter av utvecklingsprocessen, stödet för projektledning, samt det iterativa tillvägagångssättet vid utveckling..

No-fly Zones have been used in three recent conflicts. For every intervention the time taken to achieve the end-state has decreased. It took twelve years in Iraq, three years in Bosnia and only nine months in Libya. NATO was part of the intervention in both Bosnia and Libya, facing almost the same size of opponent, but it took them four times longer to achieve the end-state in Bosnia compared to Libya. The purpose of this essay is to analyze this difference in the time taken to achieve the end-state with a structured focused comparison of Bosnia and Libya based on Robert Pape´s theory of coercion with a focus on No-fly Zones. The results show that the mandate can explain the difference. In Libya NATO had the opportunity, due to the mandate, to use pre-emptive strikes, which they did not have in Bosnia.

The research regarding the six day war and the aerial operations named Operation Moked is extensive but there are certain shortcomings in the research that examines both the operation and the principle of surprise.The aim of this paper is to contribute to this research by utilising existing military theories on the principle of surprise in order to identify indicators that are representative of surprise.  These indicators are thereafter used in a study of Operation Moked in order to examine the extent of in which the principle was utilised.The result of this research goes to show that the principle of surprise was utilised in great extent by Israel during Operation Moked..

This Thesis in Military Technology deals with experiences drawn from the forced introduction of Weapons Station 01, 2009. The work aims to identify the experiences regarding the forced procurement of military equipment to see how they can develop normal and fast procurement of equipment. The main conclusions of  this work, is to achieve greater capability and increase the military utility, are: -          Common objectives and priorities of stakeholders-          Response and joint types shall determine requirements for system-          Ensure an integrated project team also at lower levels-          Engage the integrated logistic support early in the materiel process-          Include Armed Forces staff as early as possible in the testing and validation-          Prioritize work to facilitate the rapid development of decision on use (BOA)-          Provide back up for increased redundancy in the mission area .

The project, Glowtest Fixture, has been carried out to and in collaboration with MSA SordinLtd. MSA Sordin Ltd produces and sells ear protector and is at present a supplier on theworld market. Glowtest Fixture is a product for glow testing off detailed components in oneear protector. MSA Sordin Ltd sends today away your products for testing what is anexpensive aspect in their development. The project's aim is to take forward a test equipmentthat copes with those high nonplussed requirements and wishes that are required for anapproved physical execution.Glowtest Fixture is a physical equipment that comes used stem glow physical off all detailedcomponents in one ear protector.

How do you do co-operation between government agencies? It is a wide spread view that there can be quite a few hitches in co-operation between agencies. In later years this idea has spread to the media where there has been negative coverage of the social service agencies. This generally applies to cases where children suffer because the right assistance takes too long to co-ordinate or does not get co-ordinated at all between schools, healthcare and social services. The social welfare law dictates that it is the social welfare office duty to co-ordinate the government agencies for the child?s best interest.